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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
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☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 28, 2021
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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-9183
Harley-Davidson, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Wisconsin | | | 39-1382325 |
(State of organization) | | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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3700 West Juneau Avenue | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 53208 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | | (Zip code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (414) 342-4680
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock Par Value $.01 PER SHARE | HOG | New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The registrant had outstanding 153,665,546 shares of common stock as of April 30, 2021.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
Form 10-Q
For The Quarter Ended March 28, 2021
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Part I | | |
Item 1. | | |
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Item 2. | | |
Item 3. | | |
Item 4. | | |
Part II | | |
Item 1. | | |
Item 1A. | | |
Item 2. | | |
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Item 6. | | |
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
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| Three months ended | | |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 | | | | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Motorcycles and Related Products | $ | 1,232,107 | | | $ | 1,099,788 | | | | | |
Financial Services | 190,400 | | | 198,456 | | | | | |
| 1,422,507 | | | 1,298,244 | | | | | |
Costs and expenses: | | | | | | | |
Motorcycles and Related Products cost of goods sold | 811,622 | | | 780,868 | | | | | |
Financial Services interest expense | 55,707 | | | 52,473 | | | | | |
Financial Services provision for credit losses | (22,474) | | | 79,419 | | | | | |
Selling, administrative and engineering expense | 231,844 | | | 277,971 | | | | | |
Restructuring benefit | (366) | | | — | | | | | |
| 1,076,333 | | | 1,190,731 | | | | | |
Operating income | 346,174 | | | 107,513 | | | | | |
Other income, net | 277 | | | 155 | | | | | |
Investment income (loss) | 1,402 | | | (5,347) | | | | | |
Interest expense | 7,708 | | | 7,755 | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | 340,145 | | | 94,566 | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | 81,001 | | | 24,871 | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 259,144 | | | $ | 69,695 | | | | | |
Earnings per share: | | | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.69 | | | $ | 0.46 | | | | | |
Diluted | $ | 1.68 | | | $ | 0.45 | | | | | |
Cash dividends per share | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | 0.38 | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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| Three months ended | | |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 | | | | |
Net income | $ | 259,144 | | | $ | 69,695 | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (17,338) | | | (34,455) | | | | | |
Derivative financial instruments | 17,530 | | | (19,845) | | | | | |
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Pension and postretirement benefit plans | 13,588 | | | 11,959 | | | | | |
| 13,780 | | | (42,341) | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | $ | 272,924 | | | $ | 27,354 | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
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| (Unaudited) | | | | (Unaudited) |
| March 28, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | March 29, 2020 |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,320,645 | | | $ | 3,257,203 | | | $ | 1,465,061 | |
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Accounts receivable, net | 216,569 | | | 143,082 | | | 299,148 | |
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $64,139, $72,632, and $63,881 | 1,798,194 | | | 1,509,539 | | | 2,358,989 | |
Inventories, net | 470,997 | | | 523,497 | | | 610,924 | |
Restricted cash | 185,374 | | | 131,642 | | | 99,903 | |
Other current assets | 195,356 | | | 280,470 | | | 142,357 | |
| 5,187,135 | | | 5,845,433 | | | 4,976,382 | |
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $282,094, $318,304, and $271,615 | 4,958,583 | | | 4,933,469 | | | 4,933,418 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 718,968 | | | 743,784 | | | 826,845 | |
Pension and postretirement assets | 105,910 | | | 95,711 | | | 64,802 | |
Goodwill | 65,157 | | | 65,976 | | | 64,063 | |
Deferred income taxes | 135,387 | | | 158,538 | | | 127,856 | |
Lease assets | 44,765 | | | 45,203 | | | 56,496 | |
Other long-term assets | 123,083 | | | 122,487 | | | 90,085 | |
| $ | 11,338,988 | | | $ | 12,010,601 | | | $ | 11,139,947 | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts payable | $ | 402,764 | | | $ | 290,904 | | | $ | 333,411 | |
Accrued liabilities | 570,440 | | | 557,214 | | | 584,535 | |
Short-term deposits, net | 93,887 | | | 79,965 | | | — | |
Short-term debt | 765,263 | | | 1,014,274 | | | 1,335,664 | |
Current portion of long-term debt, net | 1,622,243 | | | 2,039,597 | | | 2,326,460 | |
| 3,454,597 | | | 3,981,954 | | | 4,580,070 | |
Long-term deposits, net | 58,766 | | | — | | | — | |
Long-term debt, net | 5,478,091 | | | 5,932,933 | | | 4,478,078 | |
Lease liabilities | 30,061 | | | 30,115 | | | 40,053 | |
Pension and postretirement liabilities | 103,854 | | | 114,206 | | | 128,054 | |
Deferred income taxes | 8,682 | | | 8,607 | | | 6,219 | |
Other long-term liabilities | 228,551 | | | 220,001 | | | 215,490 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | |
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Common stock | 1,690 | | | 1,685 | | | 1,834 | |
Additional paid-in-capital | 1,517,129 | | | 1,507,706 | | | 1,495,141 | |
Retained earnings | 1,520,862 | | | 1,284,823 | | | 2,126,646 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (469,637) | | | (483,417) | | | (579,290) | |
Treasury stock, at cost | (593,658) | | | (588,012) | | | (1,352,348) | |
| 1,976,386 | | | 1,722,785 | | | 1,691,983 | |
| $ | 11,338,988 | | | $ | 12,010,601 | | | $ | 11,139,947 | |
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(In thousands)
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| (Unaudited) | | | | (Unaudited) |
| March 28, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | March 29, 2020 |
Balances held by consolidated variable interest entities (Note 12): | | | | | |
Finance receivables, net - current | $ | 567,887 | | | $ | 530,882 | | | $ | 381,904 | |
Other assets | $ | 4,027 | | | $ | 3,753 | | | $ | 2,262 | |
Finance receivables, net - non-current | $ | 2,113,344 | | | $ | 1,889,472 | | | $ | 1,435,832 | |
Restricted cash - current and non-current | $ | 196,946 | | | $ | 142,892 | | | $ | 99,235 | |
Current portion of long-term debt, net | $ | 692,903 | | | $ | 608,987 | | | $ | 437,488 | |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 1,757,003 | | | $ | 1,585,174 | | | $ | 1,319,357 | |
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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| Three months ended |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 |
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities (Note 7) | $ | 162,781 | | | $ | (8,582) | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
Capital expenditures | (18,813) | | | (32,928) | |
Origination of finance receivables | (909,138) | | | (780,061) | |
Collections on finance receivables | 900,485 | | | 841,261 | |
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Other investing activities | 733 | | | 16 | |
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities | (26,733) | | | 28,288 | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
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Repayments of medium-term notes | (1,050,000) | | | (600,000) | |
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Proceeds from securitization debt | 597,411 | | | 522,694 | |
Repayments of securitization debt | (291,346) | | | (130,918) | |
Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paper | — | | | 225,187 | |
Repayments of asset-backed commercial paper | (66,894) | | | (67,809) | |
Net (decrease) increase in unsecured commercial paper | (262,517) | | | 772,208 | |
Net increase in credit facilities | 15,629 | | | — | |
Net increase in deposits | 72,664 | | | — | |
Dividends paid | (23,105) | | | (58,817) | |
Repurchase of common stock | (5,646) | | | (7,071) | |
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Issuance of common stock under share-based plans | 1,085 | | | 34 | |
Net cash (used) provided by financing activities | (1,012,719) | | | 655,508 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (5,163) | | | (5,732) | |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (881,834) | | | $ | 669,482 | |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: | | | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | $ | 3,409,168 | | | $ | 905,366 | |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (881,834) | | | 669,482 | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 2,527,334 | | | $ | 1,574,848 | |
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Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Consolidated balance sheets to the Consolidated statements of cash flows: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,320,645 | | | $ | 1,465,061 | |
Restricted cash | 185,374 | | | 99,903 | |
Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets | 21,315 | | | 9,884 | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 2,527,334 | | | $ | 1,574,848 | |
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
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| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Treasury Stock | | Total |
| Issued Shares | | Balance | |
Balance, December 31, 2020 | 168,503,526 | | | $ | 1,685 | | | $ | 1,507,706 | | | $ | 1,284,823 | | | $ | (483,417) | | | $ | (588,012) | | | $ | 1,722,785 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 259,144 | | | — | | | — | | | 259,144 | |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 17) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 13,780 | | | — | | | 13,780 | |
Dividends ($0.15 per share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (23,105) | | | — | | | — | | | (23,105) | |
Repurchase of common stock | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5,646) | | | (5,646) | |
Share-based compensation | 483,326 | | | 5 | | | 9,423 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,428 | |
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Balance, March 28, 2021 | 168,986,852 | | | $ | 1,690 | | | $ | 1,517,129 | | | $ | 1,520,862 | | | $ | (469,637) | | | $ | (593,658) | | | $ | 1,976,386 | |
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| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Treasury Stock | | Total |
| Issued Shares | | Balance | |
Balance, December 31, 2019 | 182,816,536 | | | $ | 1,828 | | | $ | 1,491,004 | | | $ | 2,193,997 | | | $ | (536,949) | | | $ | (1,345,881) | | | $ | 1,803,999 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 69,695 | | | — | | | — | | | 69,695 | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (Note 17) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (42,341) | | | — | | | (42,341) | |
Dividends ($0.38 per share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (58,817) | | | — | | | — | | | (58,817) | |
Repurchase of common stock | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7,071) | | | (7,071) | |
Share-based compensation | 585,053 | | | 6 | | | 4,137 | | | — | | | — | | | 604 | | | 4,747 | |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting | — | | | — | | | — | | | (78,229) | | | — | | | — | | | (78,229) | |
Balance, March 29, 2020 | 183,401,589 | | | $ | 1,834 | | | $ | 1,495,141 | | | $ | 2,126,646 | | | $ | (579,290) | | | $ | (1,352,348) | | | $ | 1,691,983 | |
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The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Harley-Davidson, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned (the Company), including the accounts of the groups of companies referred to as Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) and Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS). In addition, certain variable interest entities (VIEs) related to secured financing are consolidated as the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and material intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
The Company operates in two reportable segments: Motorcycles and Related Products (Motorcycles) and Financial Services.
In the opinion of the Company's management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Consolidated balance sheets as of March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020, the Consolidated statements of operations for the three month periods then ended, the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three month periods then ended, the Consolidated statements of cash flows for the three month periods then ended, and the Consolidated statements of shareholders' equity for the three month periods then ended.
Certain information and disclosures normally included in complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
During the first quarter of 2020, the outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread throughout the world, and it was recognized as a pandemic in March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted the level of economic activity in the U.S. and around the world and the full extent of its impact is not yet known. Certain estimates used in the preparation of financial results for the period ending March 28, 2021 could be impacted in future periods as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. New Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Recently Adopted
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU No. 2019-12). The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
3. Revenue
The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred. Taxes that are collected from a customer concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
Disaggregated revenue by major source was as follows (in thousands):
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| Three months ended | | |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 | | | | |
Motorcycles and Related Products Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Motorcycles | $ | 1,016,334 | | | $ | 899,365 | | | | | |
Parts & Accessories | 149,859 | | | 134,685 | | | | | |
General Merchandise | 50,323 | | | 49,160 | | | | | |
Licensing | 5,512 | | | 8,029 | | | | | |
Other | 10,079 | | | 8,549 | | | | | |
| 1,232,107 | | | 1,099,788 | | | | | |
Financial Services Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Interest income | 159,814 | | | 170,001 | | | | | |
Other | 30,586 | | | 28,455 | | | | | |
| 190,400 | | | 198,456 | | | | | |
| $ | 1,422,507 | | | $ | 1,298,244 | | | | | |
The Company maintains certain deferred revenue balances related to payments received at contract inception in advance of the Company’s performance under the contract and generally relates to the sale of Harley Owners Group® memberships and extended service plan contracts. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue as the Company performs under the contract. Deferred revenue, included in Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, was as follows (in thousands):
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| March 28, 2021 | | | | March 29, 2020 |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 36,614 | | | | | $ | 29,745 | |
Balance, end of period | $ | 36,266 | | | | | $ | 29,434 | |
Previously deferred revenue recognized as revenue in the three months ended March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020 was $6.2 million and $6.9 million, respectively. The Company expects to recognize approximately $14.9 million of the remaining unearned revenue over the next 12 months and $21.4 million thereafter.
4. Restructuring Activities
The Company's restructuring activities are included in Restructuring benefit on the Consolidated statements of operations.
In 2020, the Company initiated restructuring activities including a workforce reduction, the termination of certain current and future products, facility changes, optimizing its global independent dealer network, exiting certain international markets, and discontinuing its sales and manufacturing operations in India. The workforce reduction resulted in the termination of approximately 500 employees. In addition, the India action resulted in the termination of approximately 70 employees.
Since the inception of these restructuring activities in 2020 through the three months ended March 28, 2021, the Company has incurred cumulative restructuring expenses of $129.6 million. This includes a restructuring benefit during the three months ended March 28, 2021 of $0.4 million, consisting of a $0.6 million benefit in the Motorcycles segment and expense of $0.2 million in the Financial Services segment. The Company expects total estimated restructuring expenses of approximately $150 million, including approximately $139 million and $11 million expected to be in incurred in the Motorcycles and Financial Services segments, respectively. Total expected restructuring expenses include approximately $30 million related to employee termination benefits, $90 million related to contract termination and other costs and $30 million related to non-current asset adjustments, including accelerated depreciation and other adjustments to the carrying value of non-current assets. The Company expects to incur the remaining estimated restructuring expenses of approximately $20 million in 2021.
Changes in accrued restructuring expenses, which are included in Accrued liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, were as follows (in thousands). There were no restructuring activities during the three months ended March 29, 2020.
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| Three months ended March 28, 2021 | | |
| Employee Termination Benefits | | Contract Terminations & Other | | Non-Current Asset Adjustments | | Total | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 7,724 | | | $ | 16,196 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 23,920 | | | | | | | | | |
Restructuring (benefit) expense | (944) | | | 1,106 | | | (528) | | | (366) | | | | | | | | | |
Utilized – cash | (3,661) | | | (12,781) | | | — | | | (16,442) | | | | | | | | | |
Utilized – non cash | — | | | — | | | 528 | | | 528 | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency changes | (112) | | | (54) | | | — | | | (166) | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | $ | 3,007 | | | $ | 4,467 | |
| $ | — | | | $ | 7,474 | | | | | | | | | |
5. Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 28, 2021 was 23.8% compared to 26.3% for the three months ended March 29, 2020. The decrease in the first quarter 2021 effective income tax rate from 2020 was due to the increase in Income before provision for income taxes, resulting in discrete income tax adjustments having a reduced impact on the effective income tax rate for the quarter. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 28, 2021 was determined based on the Company's current projections for full-year 2021 financial results.
6. Earnings Per Share
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
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| Three months ended | | |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 | | | | |
Net income | $ | 259,144 | | | $ | 69,695 | | | | | |
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Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 153,478 | | | 153,004 | | | | | |
Effect of dilutive securities – employee stock compensation plan | 1,012 | | | 740 | | | | | |
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding | 154,490 | | | 153,744 | | | | | |
Net earnings per share: | | | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.69 | | | $ | 0.46 | | | | | |
Diluted | $ | 1.68 | | | $ | 0.45 | | | | | |
Shares of common stock related to share-based compensation that were not included in the effect of dilutive securities because the effect would have been anti-dilutive include 0.6 million and 1.7 million shares for the three months ended March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020, respectively.
7. Additional Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information
Investments in Marketable Securities – The Company’s investments in marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
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| March 28, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | March 29, 2020 |
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Mutual funds | $ | 50,239 | | | $ | 52,061 | | | $ | 44,144 | |
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Mutual funds, included in Other long-term assets on the Consolidated balance sheets, are carried at fair value with gains and losses recorded in income. Mutual funds are held to support certain deferred compensation obligations.
Inventories, net – Substantially all inventories located in the U.S. are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Other inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventories, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
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| March 28, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | March 29, 2020 |
Raw materials and work in process | $ | 251,199 | | | $ | 211,979 | | | $ | 245,384 | |
Motorcycle finished goods | 185,590 | | | 281,132 | | | 272,648 | |
Parts & Accessories and General Merchandise | 88,291 | | | 84,469 | | | 149,318 | |
Inventory at lower of FIFO cost or net realizable value | 525,080 | | | 577,580 | | | 667,350 | |
Excess of FIFO over LIFO cost | (54,083) | | | (54,083) | | | (56,426) | |
| $ | 470,997 | | | $ | 523,497 | | | $ | 610,924 | |
Deposits – Beginning in 2020, HDFS began offering brokered certificates of deposit to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. The Company had $152.7 million and $80.0 million, net of fees, of interest-bearing brokered certificates of deposit outstanding as of March 28, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no deposits as of March 29, 2020. The liabilities for deposits are included in Short-term deposits, net or Long-term deposits, net on the Consolidated balance sheets based upon the term of each brokered certificate of deposit issued. Each separate brokered certificate of deposit is issued under a master certificate, and as such, all outstanding brokered certificates of deposit are considered below the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage limits.
Future maturities of the Company's certificates of deposit as of March 28, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
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2021 | $ | 80,000 | |
2022 | 14,000 | |
2023 | 7,000 | |
2024 | 22,000 | |
2025 | — | |
Thereafter | 30,000 | |
Unamortized fees | (347) | |
| $ | 152,653 | |
Operating Cash Flow – The reconciliation of Net income to Net cash provided (used) by operating activities was as follows (in thousands):
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| Three months ended |
| March 28, 2021 | | March 29, 2020 |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
Net income | $ | 259,144 | | | $ | 69,695 | |
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided (used) by operating activities: | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 40,221 | | | 47,427 | |
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs | 19,200 | | | 16,739 | |
Amortization of financing origination fees | 3,614 | | | 2,999 | |
Provision for long-term employee benefits | 7,090 | | | 7,852 | |
Employee benefit plan contributions and payments | (9,885) | | | (1,608) | |
Stock compensation expense | 8,968 | | | 3,896 | |
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales | (308,532) | | | (208,183) | |
Provision for credit losses | (22,474) | | | 79,419 | |
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Deferred income taxes | 13,192 | | | (3,803) | |
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Other, net | 1,171 | | | 3,579 | |
Changes in current assets and liabilities: | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | (79,012) | | | (47,272) | |
Finance receivables – accrued interest and other | 8,947 | | | 4,007 | |
Inventories, net | 45,086 | | | (23,943) | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 153,597 | | | 10,562 | |
Derivative financial instruments | (3,309) | | | 2,812 | |
Other | 25,763 | | | 27,240 | |
| (96,363) | | | (78,277) | |
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities | $ | 162,781 | | | $ | (8,582) | |
8. Finance Receivables
The Company provides retail financial services to customers of its independent dealers in the U.S. and Canada. The origination of retail loans is a separate and distinct transaction between the Company and the retail customer, unrelated to the Company’s sale of product to its dealers. Retail finance receivables consist of secured promissory notes and secured installment sales contracts and are primarily related to independent dealer sales of motorcycles to retail customers. The Company holds either titles or liens on titles to vehicles financed by promissory notes and installment sales contracts.
The Company offers wholesale financing to its independent dealers in the U.S. and Canada. Wholesale finance receivables are related primarily to the Company's sale of motorcycles and related parts and accessories to dealers. Wholesale loans to dealers are generally secured by financed inventory or property.
Finance receivables, net were as follows (in thousands):
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| March 28, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | March 29, 2020 |
Retail finance receivables | $ | 6,310,982 | | | $ | 6,344,195 | | | $ | 6,269,247 | |
Wholesale finance receivables | 792,028 | | | 489,749 | | | 1,358,656 | |
| 7,103,010 | | | 6,833,944 | | | 7,627,903 | |
Allowance for credit losses | (346,233) | | | ( |